...whether they're photoshopped or if they're real. I'm not going to tell you
how I do it. That would be stupid. I'll just tell you the
idea behind it.
Let me first say that in a typical photo, I photoshop
everything. Eyes, hair, skin texture, skin reflectivity, skin tone, fingernails, toenails, belly button, jewelery, the size and darkness of the pupils, clothing texture, clothing reflectivity, clothing tones, the length and thickness of the eyelashes, the shininess of the hair, individual hairs themselves, the contour of every part of the body from forehead to the arch of the feet.. etc etc etc. Get it? Everything! So having said that, you can probably guess that the background is 'shopped too. Sometimes I even spend more time on the background than I do on the model, even though it's just a plain studio backdrop.
I created (discovered?) the technique in July.. the first pic on which I used it was...

...so I've only used it on maybe a hundred shots so far and I'm still perfecting it.
The idea behind it is to digitally recreate the background as it already exists. You may have seen a photo in which the background was changed or replaced and the lighting on the subject doesn't work with the new background at all. The light source(s) may be coming from a different angle or look too hard or too soft, or are the wrong tone or color. When I recreate my backgrounds, they're always almost exactly the same as they were in the original photo, so that the lighting dynamics are the exact same as well. Color can be added as long as the
value remains the same as, or similar to, the original background. Exceptions can be made for any of these rules, but only in certain conditions.
The hair and shadows on the ground are the trickiest parts. In a few of the first photos on which I was using this technique, the shadows were 100% photoshop, like this...

...and you can tell. A few pics later I found a way to keep the original shadows. So now in every pic like that, the shadows are always 100% real as they were in the original photo.
I won't tell you the process or the tools I use, but you can figure it out yourself!